Calculate current monthly inflation 2023 for Germany
At the end of each month, the Federal Statistical Office publishes the preliminary
monthly inflation rate for the current year 2023.
The annual values are the preliminary results that would be obtained from the previous current monthly data:
The current monthly consumer price index CPI2023 is calculated from the monthly consumer price index
CPI2022 of the previous year and the inflation rate I of the current month:
CPI2023 = (I / 100 + 1) * CPI2022.
The annual value for the preliminary inflation rate is calculated as the average of the already published monthly inflation rates of the current
year
2023. According to this calculation, the preliminary inflation rate for the current year
2023 would be
7,1 %.
The annual value for the consumer price index CPI
2022 is the average
of all monthly values and corresponds to the published consumer price index (CPI) of the previous year
2022.
The annual value for the preliminary consumer price index CPI
2022 is calculated using the above formula by substituting for I
the annual value of the inflation rate and for CPI
2022 the annual value of the
consumer price index of the previous year.
Estimation of the inflation rate for coming years
If the last year entered in the inflation calculator is later than the current year
2023, the inflation rate for the coming years is estimated.
For this purpose, the historical consumer price indices (CPI) of the past years are used according to the number of future years. For this past period,
the average inflation rate per year and the resulting consumer price index (CPI) for the most recent year are output.
In the case of estimated data, a note is displayed in the inflation calculator with the annual figures used for the estimate.
Consumer price index (CPI) for Germany
The consumer price index (CPI) is a key indicator of price development. The percentage change in the CPI is referred to as an
inflation rate or price increase rate. A time period with a rising price index is called inflation, a falling price index deflation.
The CPI for Germany —
Consumer Price Index for Germany - long series from 1948
- is published monthly as a table by the
Federal Statistical Office.
This table contains various price indices for the period 1948 to 1991, and since 1991, a unified CPI and an index of retail prices.
The index refers in each case as a percentage value compared to a base year. For the years 1948 to 1990 the price index for the cost of living is shown with base
year 1995 (index = 100) and from 1991 the consumer price index with base year 2020 (index = 100).
In this inflation calculator 2023, to calculate the consumer price index (CPI),
the price index for the standard of living from 1948 to 1961 is taken from the column
"4-Personenhaushalt von Arbeitern und Angestellten" and from 1962 to 1990 from the column "Alle privaten Haushalte"
and from 1991 from the column "Verbraucherpreisindex" for Germany. The Federal Statistical Office publishes both annual and monthly values for the various key figures.
In this inflation calculator 2023 only the current average annual values for
the consumer price index (table 611xx-01) are taken into account.
The last updated annual values therefore refer to the year 2022.
For the current year 2023, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is calculated from the average of the currently
published monthly data.
Historical price development in Germany
The development of the consumer price index (CPI) in Germany begins in 1948 with a value of 20.2 in relation to the
base year 2020.
The course of the consumer price index is a reflection of the percentage
price increase over the years.
The course of purchasing power is an illustration of the loss in value of money since 1948
with a converted base value of €100. The fluctuations in price development
and purchasing power are shown in more detail by the development of the inflation rate in the following diagram.
The inflation rate reflects the annual percentage increase in prices and is calculated from the annual change in the
consumer price index (CPI).
The lowest inflation rate (price increase) per year over the entire period consideration started with 1948 was in the year 1950, with a negative price increase of -6.4%
relative to the previous year. This means that Germany experienced a deflation, which had already begun in 1949 (-1.1%) and ended in 1950.
The maximum inflation rate was in the year 1951 with a price increase of 7.6%. Germany had other years with deflation relative
to the previous year in 1953 (-1.7%) and 1986 (-0.1%). High inflation rates of more than 6% relative to the previous year occurred in Germany
1973 (7.1%), 1974 (6.9%), 1981 (6.3%) and 2022 (6.9%).
Calculation of the price rise from the consumer price index (CPI)
Inflation causes prices to rise. This means that the same goods and services get a higher monetary value.
The amount A2 related to the end of the last year is calculated from the product of the amount A1 at the end of the first year
and the ratio of the consumer price index CPI2 at the end of the last year to the consumer price index CPI1 at the end of the first year:
A2 = A1 * CPI2 / CPI1.
For example, an amount of € 1,000 in 2018 would have a value in 2020 of:
A2 = 1,000 * 100.0 / 96.4 = € 1,037.34.
For goods and services worth € 1000 in 2018, € 1037.34 is payable for the same goods and services in 2020.
The percentage price increase P is calculated from the consumer price index CPI2 of the last year and the consumer price index CPI1 of the first
year as follows:
P = (CPI2 / CPI1 - 1) * 100.
For example, a CPI of 102.0 in 2017 and a CPI of 105.8 in 2020 results in a percentage price increase P of:
P = (100.0 / 96.4 - 1) * 100 = 3.73 %.
Calculation of purchasing power from the consumer price index (CPI)
Inflation reduces the value of money, which means that money has less purchasing power. Purchasing power and price increase are reciprocal to each other.
The purchasing power P related to the end of the last year is calculated from the product of the amount A at the end of the first year and the ratio of
the consumer price index CPI1 of the first year to the consumer price index CPI2 of the last year:
P = A * CPI1 / CPI2.
For example, a value of € 1000 at the end of 2017 would have a purchasing power P at the end of 2020 of:
P = 1000 * 96.4 / 100.0 = € 964.00.
For € 1,000, only goods and services can be bought in 2020 that had a value of € 964.00 in 2017.
How to calculate average inflation per year
The average inflation rate spent per year applied to the amount in the first year and in each case to the resulting price increases of all subsequent years results
in the amount spent in the last year. The average inflation rate per year I is calculated from the
geometric mean of all consumer price indices (CPI) in the period
under consideration over n years with i = 1 ... n:
xi = CPIi+1 / CPIi
I = ((x1 * x2 * ... * xn) 1/n) - 1) * 100.
For the years 2017 to 2020, for example, n = 3 results in an average inflation rate I of:
x1 = VPI2018 / VPI2017 = 98,1 / 96,4 = 1,0176
x2 = VPI2019 / VPI2018 = 99,5 / 98,1 = 1,0143
x3 = VPI2020 / VPI2019 = 100,0 / 99,5 = 1,0050
m = x1 * x2 * x3 = 1,0373
I = (m1/n - 1) * 100 = 1,23 %
The average inflation rate of 1.23% applied to the value of € 1,000 in the first year and to each of the following 2 years results in a price increase of € 1,037.35
in the last year:
2018: 1.23 % von € 1,000.00 = € 12.30
2019: 1.23 % von € 1,012.30 = € 12.45
2020: 1.23 % von € 1,024.75 = € 12.60
This results in a price increase of € 1,037.35. Due to rounding errors, a small deviation occurs compared to the result from the
calculation of the price rise from the consumer price index (CPI).
Conversion of the consumer price index (CPI) to the base year 2020
In the published table of the Federal Statistical Office, the index for the years 1948 to 1990 is related to the base year 1995 (index = 100). In this
inflation calculator 2023
all indices from this period are normalised to the currently valid reference year 2020 and displayed as the CPI:
CPI = Index1995 * Indexyear / 100.
For the year 1948, for example, the normalized consumer price index (CPI), rounded to one decimal place, is calculated as follows:
CPI = 71.0 * 28.5 / 100 = 20.2.